723 Publications

Brazil’s ECA Digital: Is Child Safety Now a Product Requirement?

Six months after entering into force, Brazil’s Digital Statute for Children and Adolescents (Law No. 15,211/2025) has moved from text to enforcement, and the ANPD’s age-assurance guidance is setting the practical bar. This article maps the core obligations, the six requirements behind “reliable” age assurance and what providers, in Brazil and abroad, should prioritise now.

8 October 2026

Ecuador’s Risk Management Guide for Personal Data Protection. A practical view

Ecuador’s Superintendence of Personal Data Protection has published its first risk management guide. The document is ambitious: it demands that organizations justify every assumption, calibrate expert opinion, and adopt measurable models. However, it leaves a critical question unanswered, as, what methodology should companies actually use? Unlike Spain, where proportionality and maturity guide the choice of methods, Ecuador’s guide presents multiple options without prioritization. This article argues that such neutrality, while flexible, creates practical uncertainty. It suggests that organizations should adopt a mixed model, anchored in the traditional risk matrix but enriched with qualitative rationales and, where possible, quantitative tools.

8 October 2026

Israel's First Administrative Fines under Amendment 13: A New Enforcement Era for Privacy Compliance

Amendment 13 to Israel's Protection of Privacy Law, 1981 (the "PPL") entered into force on 14 August 2025, giving the Israeli Privacy Protection Authority (the "PPA") — for the first time — the ability to impose meaningful financial sanctions directly on organisations that breach Israeli data protection rules. A little over a year later, the first sanctions have arrived. Between July and September 2026 the PPA published three decisions imposing fines on a health fund, a small leisure business and a municipality. Modest in amount, they are significant in signal: Israeli privacy obligations that were long treated as formalities now carry a direct price tag.

8 October 2026

Legal Alert: Bill Postpones Effective Date of the Personal Data Protection Law

Two regulatory developments marked the beginning of September in the area of personal data protection: the introduction of a bill seeking to postpone the effective date of the new legislation and the formal acknowledgment of the regulations on models for preventing violations.

8 October 2026

The CNIL's new approach to AI models Memorisation, extractability and anonymisation under the GDPR

As generative AI becomes increasingly powerful, the CNIL’s 2026 guidance shifts the GDPR debate from how personal data is used in training to whether AI models themselves can retain and reveal information about individuals. By focusing on memorisation, extractability, and anonymisation, the framework offers a practical roadmap for assessing when AI models may still pose privacy risks and therefore remain subject to European data protection law.

8 October 2026

Age Assurance and Privacy: Israel’s Draft Guidance

On 11 June 2026, the Israeli Privacy Protection Authority (“PPA”) published draft guidance for public comment on online age assurance measures. The guidance is addressed to online service providers and treats age assurance as a data processing activity to be designed, assessed, and governed accordingly, rather than merely as a child safety tool. Non-compliance can attract administrative fines and civil claims.

7 October 2026

China Implements Strict Requirements for Cybersecurity Incident Reporting

With a rising number of data breaches and cybersecurity incidents in recent years, China has rolled out stringent new rules that set clear requirements on incident reporting items, time limits and procedures for all network operators. This article provides an overview to navigate the incident reporting obligations.

7 October 2026

Decree 356/2025/ND-CP: The Next Chapter in Vietnam’s Personal Data Protection Framework

Vietnam’s data protection landscape just got sharper. Decree No. 356/2025/ND-CP delivers the detailed rules businesses have been waiting for, tighter timelines, clearer roles and fewer grey areas. Now is the time for organisations to put their policies, people and data practices to the test before the new regime takes hold.

7 October 2026

Invisible trackers in your Inbox: Italian Data Protection Authority issues binding Guidelines on email tracking pixels

7 October 2026

Is Lithuania Finally Ready for B2B Direct Marketing? Almost.

From 1 July 2026, Lithuania's amended Law on Electronic Communications finally lifts its blanket opt-in requirement for B2B electronic direct marketing, allowing businesses to contact other businesses on an opt-out basis – joining the majority of EU member states that never imposed such a restriction in the first place. For B2C direct marketing, however, a strict six-condition regime remains immovably in place, with no room for partial compliance.

7 October 2026

North Macedonian Administrative Court Upholds Agency Decision on Unlawful Processing of Patient Health Data

The Administrative Court of North Macedonia has upheld a decision of the Personal Data Protection Agency concerning the unlawful processing of a patient’s personal and health data within the national electronic healthcare system.

7 October 2026

When Anonymization Fails: Readable Data in a Published Contract

A decision of the Office for Personal Data Protection of the Slovak Republic confirms that the anonymization of a document intended for publication must be technically effective, rather than merely visual. If personal data become readable after text is copied from a PDF document, the controller may be in breach of its obligation to ensure the ongoing confidentiality of personal data under Article 32(1) of the GDPR, even where contracts are subject to mandatory publication in the Central Register of Contracts.

7 October 2026